Chapter 12Python Tutorial~1 min read
File Handling in Python
Files read/write करणे
File handling म्हणजे Python program मधून files open, read, write, close करणे. Programs बंद झाल्यावरही data टिकवायला files वापरतात.
File Modes
- ▸"r" — Read mode (default) — file वाचायला. File नसेल तर error.
- ▸"w" — Write mode — file मध्ये लिहायला. नसेल तर नवी बनवतो. असेल तर overwrite!
- ▸"a" — Append mode — शेवटी add करतो. नसेल तर नवी बनवतो.
- ▸"x" — Create mode — नवी file बनवतो. आधीच असेल तर error.
- ▸"rb" / "wb" — Binary mode — images, PDFs साठी
File write करणे
python
# Write mode — file बनवणे/overwrite करणे
file = open("notes.txt", "w")
file.write("नमस्कार!\n")
file.write("हे माझे Python notes आहेत.\n")
file.close() # file close करणे important!
# Append mode — existing file मध्ये add करणे
file = open("notes.txt", "a")
file.write("आज loops शिकलो.\n")
file.close()File Read करणे
File read करणे
python
# Read mode
file = open("notes.txt", "r")
content = file.read() # सगळा content एकत्र
print(content)
file.close()
# Line by line वाचणे
file = open("notes.txt", "r")
for line in file:
print(line.strip()) # .strip() — trailing \n काढतो
file.close()
# readline() — एक line
file = open("notes.txt", "r")
first_line = file.readline()
print(first_line)
file.close()with Statement — Best Practice
with open() — auto close होतो!
python
# with statement — automatically file close करतो
# file.close() विसरायची गरज नाही!
# Writing
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Python File Handling\n")
f.write("with statement best practice आहे!\n")
# Reading
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
print(content)
# Lines as list
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
print(lines) # ['Python File Handling\n', ...]💡
with open() as f: हे नेहमी वापरा! file.close() विसरायचा धोका नाही. Error आला तरी file automatically close होते.
✅ Key Points — लक्षात ठेवा
- ▸open(filename, mode) — file उघडतो
- ▸"r" read, "w" write (overwrite), "a" append, "x" create
- ▸.read() — सगळे, .readline() — एक line, .readlines() — list
- ▸.write(text) — text लिहितो
- ▸with open() as f: — best practice, auto-close
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