Strings in Python

# Different ways to create strings
name = "Rahul"
city = 'Pune'

# Quotes inside string
msg1 = 'He said, "मला Python आवडते!"'
msg2 = "It's a great language!"

# Multi-line string
poem = """
एक होता Python,
सगळ्यांचा favorite,
Data Science मध्ये,
आहे सर्वात vibrant!
"""

print(name)
print(msg1)
print(poem)

fruit = "Mango"
#          01234

print(fruit[0])     # M — पहिला character
print(fruit[4])     # o — शेवटचा character
print(fruit[-1])    # o — मागून पहिला
print(fruit[-2])    # g — मागून दुसरा

# Slicing — [start:end] — end exclusive!
print(fruit[0:3])   # Man
print(fruit[2:])    # ngo — 2 पासून शेवटपर्यंत
print(fruit[:3])    # Man — सुरुवातीपासून 3 पर्यंत
print(fruit[::-1])  # ognaM — उलटा string!

# len() — length किती?
print(len(fruit))   # 5

text = "  Hello World  "

# Case methods
print(text.upper())       # "  HELLO WORLD  "
print(text.lower())       # "  hello world  "

# Whitespace
print(text.strip())       # "Hello World" — spaces काढतो
print(text.lstrip())      # "Hello World  " — left strip

# Search and replace
print(text.replace("World", "Python"))  # "  Hello Python  "
print(text.find("World"))  # 8 — index किती? नाही तर -1

# Split
csv = "Pune,Mumbai,Nagpur"
cities = csv.split(",")
print(cities)   # ['Pune', 'Mumbai', 'Nagpur']

name = "Rahul"
marks = 85

# Old way — messy
msg1 = "नमस्कार " + name + "! तुम्हाला " + str(marks) + " marks मिळाले."

# f-string — clean and modern!
msg2 = f"नमस्कार {name}! तुम्हाला {marks} marks मिळाले."
print(msg2)   # नमस्कार Rahul! तुम्हाला 85 marks मिळाले.

# f-string मध्ये expressions पण लिहिता येतात
print(f"Pass/Fail: {'Pass ✅' if marks >= 40 else 'Fail ❌'}")
print(f"PI = {22/7:.2f}")   # PI = 3.14 (2 decimal places)