|3. Input & Output
Chapter 3C++ Tutorial~1 min read

Input & Output

cin आणि cout — Input/Output

C++ मध्ये output साठी cout (console out) आणि input साठी cin (console in) वापरतात. हे iostream header मध्ये आहेत. << insertion operator (output), >> extraction operator (input).

cout — output

cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>   // formatting साठी
using namespace std;

int main() {
    // Basic output
    cout << "नमस्कार!" << endl;     // endl = newline + flush
    cout << "Hello" << "\n";        // \n = newline only

    // Multiple values एकाच line मध्ये
    string name = "Rahul";
    int age = 20;
    double marks = 87.5;

    cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << endl;

    // Formatted output — setw, setprecision, fixed
    cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
    cout << "Marks: " << marks << endl;  // 87.50

    cout << setw(10) << "Name" << setw(8) << "Marks" << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << "Rahul" << setw(8) << 87.50 << endl;
    cout << setw(10) << "Priya" << setw(8) << 92.00 << endl;

    return 0;
}

cin — Input

cin — user कडून input

cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string name;
    int age;
    double marks;

    cout << "नाव टाका: ";
    cin >> name;         // एकच word (space पर्यंत)

    cout << "वय टाका: ";
    cin >> age;

    cout << "Marks टाका: ";
    cin >> marks;

    cout << "\nनमस्कार " << name << "!" << endl;
    cout << "वय: " << age << " वर्षे" << endl;
    cout << "Marks: " << marks << endl;

    return 0;
}

getline — Spaces सहित String

getline — full line input

cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    string fullName;
    int age;

    cout << "पूर्ण नाव टाका (spaces सहित): ";
    getline(cin, fullName);  // पूर्ण line — spaces सोबत

    cout << "वय: ";
    cin >> age;
    cin.ignore();  // newline buffer मधून clear करतो

    cout << "Address टाका: ";
    string address;
    getline(cin, address);

    cout << "\n--- Info ---" << endl;
    cout << "नाव: " << fullName << endl;
    cout << "वय: " << age << endl;
    cout << "पत्ता: " << address << endl;

    return 0;
}
📌

cin >> ने input घेतल्यानंतर getline() call केल्यास empty string मिळते! cin >> age; नंतर cin.ignore(); call करा — newline buffer clear होतो, मग getline() बरोबर काम करते.

Key Points — लक्षात ठेवा

  • cout << value << endl — output, endl = newline
  • cin >> var — एकच word/number input
  • getline(cin, str) — spaces सहित full line
  • cin.ignore() — cin >> नंतर getline() वापरायचे असेल तर
  • #include <iomanip> — setw(), setprecision(), fixed
0/11 chapters पूर्ण